The short version of CJC-1295 fits in a sentence. The long version — which is the one that helps — is below.
Reviewed 2025-08-12. Anything still debated is marked as such rather than presented as settled.
CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide modeled on growth hormone-releasing hormone, the hypothalamic signal that prompts the pituitary to release growth hormone. Its sequence corresponds to the first twenty-nine residues of human GHRH, with four substitutions that slow enzymatic breakdown. Early descriptions placed the compound in research on growth hormone deficiency and related conditions, and later literature groups it with the long-acting GHRH analogs. The name appears in both laboratory and popular fitness writing, where it sometimes labels chemically different peptides.
Two related peptides circulate under the CJC-1295 label, and they differ mainly in how long they persist in circulation. The version carrying a drug affinity complex includes a maleimidopropionic acid linker that forms a covalent bond with serum albumin. The other version, usually written as modified GRF(1-29) or tetrasubstituted GRF(1-29), lacks that linker and is cleared quickly. Mixing the two produces inconsistent readings of published half-life values, because the linker rather than the receptor-facing sequence drives most of the difference.
The core sequence keeps the receptor-binding region of GHRH while replacing four positions that are vulnerable to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and other proteases. Substitutions at positions 2, 8, 15, and 27 raise metabolic stability relative to the natural hormone. The N-terminal residues remain essential for activity, so changes there generally lower potency. Molecular weight sits near 3368 daltons for the tetrasubstituted analog without the linker, while the albumin-binding form is heavier because of the added maleimide group.
Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is the standard tool for purity assessment. The technique separates the target peptide from truncated or modified byproducts. Mass spectrometry confirms molecular weight and supports sequence verification. Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption are both used. Amino acid analysis provides an independent check on composition. Purity values are commonly reported as area percentage from the chromatogram. Residual trifluoroacetate and water content are also measured in many quality programs.
Batch-to-batch consistency depends on solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent purification. Coupling efficiency, resin choice, and cleavage conditions all affect the final profile. Counter-ion content and moisture can shift the apparent mass of a batch. Documentation typically includes a certificate of analysis with chromatograms and spectra. Independent verification by a second laboratory is sometimes requested. Whether a given certificate reflects the actual vial contents depends on chain of custody. Analytical methods themselves carry uncertainty that should be stated alongside results.
Lyophilized material is typically stored at minus twenty degrees Celsius or lower. Keeping the vial dry and protected from light preserves peptide integrity. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can cause aggregation or loss of activity. Once dissolved, solutions are generally kept at two to eight degrees Celsius. Stability data for reconstituted solutions vary, and long-term behavior is not fully established. Working aliquots reduce the number of times a stock container is opened.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Class | Synthetic peptide | GHRH receptor agonist |
| Sequence length | 29 amino acids | Derived from human GHRH |
| Molecular weight | About 3368 Da without linker | Albumin-binding form is heavier |
| Appearance | White to off-white lyophilized powder | Common form for research reference material |
| Typical storage | -20 °C or below, desiccated | Protect powder from light and moisture |
CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide designed to mimic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the endogenous signal that prompts the pituitary gland to release growth hormone. The compound is a modified fragment of the natural hormone, spanning the first twenty-nine amino acids of GHRH with several substitutions that slow enzymatic breakdown. Two variants circulate in research settings: one carrying a drug affinity complex (DAC) and one without it. The DAC-free form is frequently labelled Mod GRF(1-29) in catalogs and discussion forums.
The peptide binds GHRH receptors on somatotroph cells within the anterior pituitary, triggering a signalling cascade that increases growth hormone secretion. Its improved resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation distinguishes it from the parent hormone. In the DAC-bearing version, a maleimide group reacts with a cysteine residue on serum albumin, forming a covalent bond that keeps the peptide in circulation far longer. That albumin attachment is the central design feature separating the two research variants.
Pharmacokinetic behaviour differs sharply between the two forms. The DAC-bearing peptide shows an extended circulation time measured in days, whereas the version without the complex is cleared within roughly half an hour. This gap shapes how researchers design dosing schedules in animal models. Whether the prolonged presence of the DAC form produces effects meaningfully different from the short-acting variant remains an open question, since comparative human data are scarce.
The compound emerged from work at a Canadian biotechnology firm in the early 2000s. Early human studies examined its effect on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in healthy volunteers and in people with HIV-associated fat redistribution. Reports described sustained increases in both markers after a single injection. Development did not advance to regulatory approval, and the clinical programme was later discontinued. The molecule is now encountered mainly as a research chemical rather than a marketed medicine.
Two forms circulate in research settings and are frequently confused. One carries the drug affinity complex and is often written as CJC-1295 with DAC; the other lacks that group and is usually called modified GRF(1-29). The two share the same core sequence but differ sharply in how long they persist in blood. Products labelled only as CJC-1295 normally refer to the version carrying the complex. Documentation that omits the distinction leaves the intended molecule ambiguous.
CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide built as a long-acting analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Its backbone matches the first twenty-nine residues of the natural human hormone, with four amino acid substitutions added to slow enzymatic breakdown. A reactive maleimide group, commonly termed the drug affinity complex, allows the peptide to attach to circulating albumin after administration. That albumin attachment keeps the molecule in the bloodstream for an extended period instead of being cleared within minutes.
=== Jurisdictional strikes === In jurisdictional strikes, outlawed by Taft–Hartley, a union strikes in order to assign particular work to the employees it represents. Secondary boycotts and common situs picketing, also outlawed by the act, are actions in which unions picket, strike, or refuse to handle the goods of a business with which they have no primary dispute but which is associated with a targeted business. A later statute, the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act, passed in 1959, tightened these restrictions on secondary boycotts still further.
The Recommended Daily Intake (RDA) for preformed supplemental vitamin A for adult men and women is 900 and 700 Retinol Activity Units(RAE)/day, respectively, or about 3,000 IU and 2,300 IU. In pregnancy, the vitamin A RDA is 750–770 RAE/day (about 2,500–2,550 IU). During lactation, the RDA increases to 1,200–1,300 RAE/day (about 4,000–4,300 IU, with differences depending on age). Retinol Activity Units can only be converted to IU (International Units) when the source of the vitamin A is known. The IU values listed above do not apply to food sources of vitamin A. Too much vitamin A in retinoid form can be harmful. The body converts the dimerized form, carotene, into vitamin A as it is needed, so high levels of carotene are not toxic, whereas the ester (animal) forms are. The livers of certain animals, especially those adapted to polar environments, such as polar bears and seals, often contain amounts of vitamin A that would be toxic to humans. Thus, vitamin A toxicity is typically reported in Arctic explorers and people taking large doses of synthetic vitamin A. The first documented death possibly caused by vitamin A poisoning was that of Xavier Mertz, a Swiss scientist, who died in January 1913 on an Antarctic expedition that had lost its food supplies and fell to eating its sled dogs. Mertz may have consumed lethal amounts of vitamin A by eating the dogs' livers. Vitamin A acute toxicity occurs when a person ingests vitamin A in large amounts more than the daily recommended value in the threshold of 25,000 IU/kg or more.
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Akuammine (vincamajoridine) is an indole alkaloid. It is the most abundant alkaloid found in the seeds from the tree Picralima nitida, commonly known as akuamma, comprising 0.56% of the dried powder. It has also been isolated from Vinca major. Akuammine is structurally related to yohimbine, mitragynine and more distantly voacangine, all of which are alkaloid plant products.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
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Sources: en.wikipedia.org
==== Role in disease ==== Studies on mice have suggested that mGlu1 may be involved in the development of certain cancers. Knowing that these types of receptors are mostly localized in the thalamus, hypothalamus and caudate nucleus regions of the brain, the overactivation of these receptors by quisqualic acid can suggest a potential role in movement disorders.
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Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Natural GHRH is degraded quickly by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and related enzymes, giving it a half-life measured in minutes. CJC-1295 carries substitutions that slow that breakdown, so it stays intact longer. Both act at the same pituitary receptor and produce the same class of signal.
The label was first attached to the albumin-binding form during early development work. A shorter analog without the linker later became known by the same name in informal use. Published papers normally state which version was studied, so the methods section resolves the ambiguity.
It is a synthetic peptide rather than a steroid, and it does not occur naturally in the body. Its sequence is derived from a hypothalamic hormone called growth hormone-releasing hormone. It works as a receptor agonist rather than as a replacement for that hormone.
The powder is normally held at minus twenty degrees Celsius or below. Light and moisture exposure should be minimized. Repeated warming and cooling cycles are avoided.